Adopting CBDCs Would Mean Dropping Cash, According to Bank of Japan’s Deputy Governor

CBDCs, or Central Bank Digital Currencies, are increasing in popularity and usage among different countries around the world. That is a fact. It is caused by the crypto fever catching up to governments and financial authorities. However, not every nation is adept to applying the idea.

A report coming from famous news center Reuters cites Bank of Japan (BoJ) officials turning down the chance of coming up with a central bank digital currency, saying that using them might require the nation in question to drop cash.

Regarding the controversial subject, the Deputy Governor Of The Japanese Central Bank Masayoshi Amamiya, cast shade on the idea that central banks could make negative interest rate policies more efficient by coming up with their own cryptocurrencies, or CBDCs.

Central Banks Would Need to “Eliminate Cash”

If the Bank of Japan were to decide to venture on issuing a digital yen and set a negative interest rate, both individual and corporate entities would be charged for the right to hold the CBDC in question. That would result, according to Amamiya, on investors and holders dropping the digital asset and, instead, holding cash.

According to Amamiya, “to overcome the nominal zero lower bound, central banks would need to eliminate cash. Eliminating cash would make settlement infrastructure inconvenient for the public, so no central bank would do this.”

We are talking about a man that stated last year, in April, that the Bank of Japan was not even considering the idea of issuing a CBDC for people to hold, due to the fact that it could severely affect the currently implemented two-tiered system, damaging the existing financial stability in a country known for it.

“If central bank digital currencies replace private deposits, that could erode commercial banks’ credit channels and have a negative impact on the economy,” the official observed.

Improbable Changes

As of now, central banks only provide access to specific entities. For example, private banks are among those, because they face holders in a second tier. If Japan were to launch a digital asset with the backing of the BoJ, the system would need to change in order for the currency to be stable, says Amamiya.

Amamiya, speaking at an event in Tokyo, also referred to Facebook’s latest project: the Libra cryptocurrency. A stablecoin by trade, Libra was unveiled last month by the social networking giant after months of waiting.

The BoJ deputy governor stated that digital platform operators, such as Facebook in this case, that are planning to launch a crypto project must know that they must show compliance with existing regulations on risk management and money laundering.

According to Amamiya, the Libra Association and Facebook need to act responsibly and comply with various regulations to take root as providers of safe and secure payment settlements. He explained that central banks must be “vigilant” of the potential impact of Facebook’s cryptocurrency on the nation’s banking and settlement systems.

“As for Libra, we must bear in mind that the potential global user-base could be enormous,” he said.

By Andres Chavez

Technological Companies Declare War on Traditional Finance

Alex Preukschat is scheduled to speak at Blockchain Summit Latam 2019 in Mexico City. He says that taxes have kept Spanish businesses away from accepting cryptocurrencies as payment.

In 2016, Preukschat began to write his book Blockchain: the Industrial Revolution on the Internet in order to raise awareness of this decentralized technology. The author explains that he decided to call it “blockchain”, because the term “Bitcoin” was associated with drug trafficking and other bad things.

Following the success of his book in other countries, his idea of ​​forming a community to inform about decentralized crypto technologies was reborn. Consequently, he decided to launch, jointly with other cryptocurrency enthusiasts, Blockchain Spain, which is an initiative that he currently coordinates.

Facebook’s Libra

On the occasion of his participation at Blockchain Summit Latam of 2019 in Mexico City, Preukschat commented on the current situation of the cryptocurrency ecosystem worldwide. Obviously, it was difficult for Libra, the cryptocurrency of Facebook, not to be raised.

He considers that the launch of Libra has been a kind of declaration of war from technological companies of the 21st century on established financial world of the 20th century. Employees, professionals and managers, among others, agree that it is essential to learn more about the change of pyramidal hierarchical structures; hence, that organization can continue to exist.

Preukschat says that it is necessary to distinguish between “blockchain”, which is a disruptive technology that aspires to decentralization, and “DLT” (Distributed Ledger Technology), which refers to permissioned and centralized networks for the improvement of processes and the reduction of corporate costs.

Facebook starts its new Libra project as DLT, since it has a permissioned semi-public network, where few private nodes keep all transactions. He does not consider it a cryptocurrency because it is not decentralized and has nodes that control the network. It should be noted that despite they aspire to decentralization, regulators do not agree with systems that do not have customer identification procedures or methods for preventing money laundering.

Term “Blockchain”

“Blockchain” is not a precise term, since it just represents a data structure in blocks, such as in Bitcoin and other projects. It is simply one of the many components used to create a decentralized system. However, public opinion has imposed “blockchain” as the reference term and it is very difficult to change that.

Many people still ignore how symmetric cryptography or blockchain works, what is required for a decentralized chain, and how those components work. There are those who use “crypto technologies” as a reference, but it is advisable to use the terms that have become popular.

The author believes that the term “blockchain” not only refers to the data structure, but it also summarizes the decentralized technology not controlled by any central entity, in which a solution has been created to create decentralized digital cash, as imagined Satoshi Nakamoto.

Adoption of Cryptocurrencies

The adoption of cryptocurrencies has grown in several countries, especially in those with inflationary economies and devalued currencies such as Venezuela and Argentina. However, the idea of “decentralized digital cash” has not been achieved in Spain and other European countries.

Currently, the original vision of decentralized digital cash is not fully met due to volatility. Therefore, people in the network prefer to accumulate Bitcoin and spend their euros. However, Bitcoin can be used when dealing with suppliers abroad, as it is cheaper than paying with euros.

By Willmen Blanco

The Crypto Fam’s accurate predictions of Bitcoin prices

Before a valley is formed, the volume drops to a value lower than the daily average. Although the analysts were correct about the beginning of the valley, the minimum point was advanced several months

After the occurrence of major landmarks in the crypto market, many analysts give detailed explanations about the reasons for Bitcoin’s price behavior. Regarding predictions, which are also abundant, they are supported by traditional trading tools or the tone imposed by the bullish or bearish trend of the moment.

In view of the current boom of BTC, this article addresses one of the right predictions about the recovery of Bitcoin’s price made by The Crypto Fam, which predicted the formation of a valley a year ago, when BTC was in the vicinity of US $6 thousand.

In 2018, when BTC collapsed and corrections were needed, according to some analysts’ view, some predictions were made that, although not exactly fulfilled in terms of dates, were consistent with regard to the occurrence of a valley that would lead to the recovery of Bitcoin’s price.

Valleys in the Bitcoin Price

Experts say that there are two ways to appreciate the evolution of Bitcoin’s price: the classic one, on a linear scale, and the one that uses a logarithmic price scale, in which each scale division is ten times greater in magnitude than the previous one. They explain that the first scale highlights the boom of 2017, when Bitcoin reached its historical maximum at the end of that year, and its subsequent fall and recovery in 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Exactly one year ago, when BTC was around US $6,500, the consulting company The Crypto Fam analyzed the most outstanding features of the valley that occurred in BTC’s price between December 2014 and November 2015. This occurred after the dissolution of the bubble in December 2013, when Bitcoin’s price reached a maximum slightly higher than US $1 thousand.

The dynamics of the formation of the valley was examined and several outstanding elements were identified, such as the fall in the daily volume, which is explained by the intensive sales that are made after an abrupt fall and a stage to which it has been referred as “slow bleeding”, from that maximum of US $1 thousand to the vicinity of US $250 one year later.

Analysts have raised the question of what other sign could mark the beginning of the moment in which Bitcoin hits bottom. This cryptocurrency remained in “the bottom” almost all year 2014, but what is important is the fact that it enters a depression zone or a dormant phase, in which it continues falling to a volume lower than the daily average.

Although the date on which the valley would occur was not predicted (for instance, the minimum of December 2018 was not anticipated), the analysis succeeded in predicting arrival at the bottom, with the data available in June 2018. Regarding its probable dates, beginning and ending of 2019, Bitcoin hit the bottom before, on December 15th, 2018, when it reached US $3,200.

Statistical analyses of the prices of cryptocurrencies, like the one performed by Crypto Fam, can help investors feel more confident as they can predict the best moment to invest.

By Willmen Blanco

Cryptocurrency that Surpasses Bitcoin

Bitcoin is not the only cryptocurrency that has been growing considerably in recent weeks. There is another crypto asset that is outperforming Bitcoin with approximately 400% increase, ChainLink (LINK).

The value of ChainLink with respect to the US dollar has gone through different stages. Since its launch in late 2017 until April 2019, its value had been fluctuating around $0.5, with some peaks of $1. However, in the last two months it has gone from having a value of $0.4 on May 1st to exceeding $4 in June.

Intermediary between Real World and Cryptocurrencies

To understand ChainLink we must know that a smart contract, in the blockchain technology, is basically a programmed digital contract. The conditions of this contract are established on the blockchain and the contract is automatically activated without the need for intermediaries. When operating in a decentralized blockchain network, the contract cannot be altered and all its content is public.

The fact that all the parties involved are also strict in their conditions causes a contract to be strict and unalterable. Another reason for this is the distrust created from the beginning due to the fixed agreement that has to be reached. Since a smart contract is unalterable, you cannot interact with external data sources, APIs (application program interfaces) or any other factor external to the blockchain. This is where ChainLink comes on stage.

ChainLink works through decentralized oracles on the blockchain, which are used to recover data from external sources (traditional payment platforms, banks and apps, among others). In this way, ChainLink can obtain external data to be incorporated directly onto the blockchain. It is a link between the blockchain and the existing infrastructure in which it operates.

The function of ChainLink is to verify the occurrences of the real world to incorporate them onto the blockchain and activate or modify smart contracts when the conditions established in them are reached. ChainLink oracles, like everything that happens in the blockchain world, operate in a decentralized manner and must extract information from several external sources and verify it to avoid fraud and modifications by third parties.

Reason for its Great Growth

The technology behind ChainLink and its use has significant potential to improve smart contracts. Currently, ChainLink operates with smart contracts issued in the Ethereum network, although it is expected to incorporate its technology into more cryptocurrencies. This seems not to be the main reason why it has grown so much in the last month but there is an extra factor to consider: Coinbase.

The cryptocurrency and currency exchange service Coinbase has included ChainLink in its service during the last days. Previous rumors have already increased the value of the cryptocurrency in recent weeks and its definite incorporation has triggered it.

ChainLink

It should be noted that Coinbase announced the inclusion on June 26th on its platform for professionals Coinbase Pro. ChainLink’s rise was slight that day and the next, but when it reached Coinbase on June 28th, its value skyrocketed. It went from being around US $2.4 to a maximum of US $4.5 in a matter of 24 hours. In these moments when everything is somewhat more stable, the currency moves around US $3.5.

By Willmen Blanco

IBM Launches Blockchain Pilot Project for Bank Guarantee Processes

The digitalization of processes will reduce the risk of fraud, reduce the potential for errors and increase transparency and security for users

The technological giant IBM partnered with four Australian financial services companies to launch a pilot plan that consists of a blockchain-based platform. The project seeks to streamline the bank guarantee process.

The information was announced recently through a press release. The statement details that the name of the project is Lygon and that it is backed by IBM, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, Commonwealth Bank, the real estate operator Scentre Group, and Australia’s first bank, Westpac.

Regarding other details of the plan, it is known that the pilot project is scheduled to run for eight weeks. A group of retail customers will test the product. The test will allow to evaluate the application of the project in reality, as well as to know what would be the necessary modifications and determine the use of the platform.

The objective of the platform is to digitize the issuance and administration of bank guarantees in the retail property leasing sector.

Avoiding Frauds

The digitalization of processes will reduce the risk of fraud, reduce the potential for errors and increase transparency and security, according to those who participate in the new IBM blockchain project.

“We have created a platform based on blockchain to digitize the banking guarantee ecosystem. The pilot will test the online transactions using a distributed registry to prove that the technology is commercially viable. It’s a great example of digital transformation that refines the customer experience”, Didier Van Not, General Manager of Corporate and Institutional Banking at Westpac said.

IBM has launched different blockchain business offerings to date, demonstrating its interest in generating more and more developments based on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).

Last month, CIP, a Brazilian banking and financial infrastructure facilitator, officially launched its blockchain ID platform, thanks to a partnership with IBM and using Hyperledger Fabric. The goal of this project is to authenticate and verify digital signatures using mobile devices.

The identity solution, called “Device ID” will have the participation of nine banks and would be integrated into Brazil’s national compensation system, the Brazilian Payment System (SPB).

In March of this year, five Japanese banks worked together to implement a financial services infrastructure based on IBM’s distributed registration technology.

Plans of Expansion

Once the pilot program is completed, Lygon plans to expand the range of digitized bank guarantees it supports and start offering them to other industries.

In Thailand, the technology giant IBM announced, together with the Kasikorn Bank Public Company Limited (KBank), the launch of a new guarantee letter network based on IBM blockchain products.

The new IBM’s innovation in the financial sector will register guarantees in the chain of blocks.

The implications of this pilot project are greater than they seem at first glance, given that it is the first steps of blockchain technology in the modification and streamlining of traditional finance processes, which would make the dream of incorporating the digital chain to day-to-day transactions.

By María Rodríguez

Nestlé Details all about its Blockchain Traceability Project

The initial pilot program will trace milk from farms and producers in New Zealand. Customers would verify information related to all the processes that take place in the supply chain

The Swiss multinational Nestlé announced, through its official website, that it will start its pilot plan to audit some products, using blockchain technology. The company has been preparing this project since the end of 2018. But now, the corporation has more information to offer about it.

“Nestlé will break new ground in supply chain transparency through a collaboration with OpenSC, an innovative blockchain platform that allows consumers to track their food right back to the farm”, according to the website.

Thanks to this collaboration, Nestlé becomes the first major food and beverage company to announce that it will pilot open blockchain technology.

The new thing that the platform will offer anyone and also anywhere is the possibility to access to independently verifiable sustainability and supply chain data. The idea is to guarantee the quality of Nestlé’s products.

The initial pilot program will trace milk from farms and producers in New Zealand to Nestlé factories and warehouses in the Middle East. The objective is to provide customers with verified information related to all the processes that take place in the supply chain.

The Process

OpenSC allows customers to know who produces the raw material and whether it meets health requirements or ethical principles. According to local news, executives of the company affirmed that the platform will store all the dairy production cycle data. Also, it is expected that in the future the test will extend to its production of palm oil in America.

The network allows to store data relative to where, when and how Nestlé produces something. That is part of the information that the user will be able to verify.

Magdi Batato, Executive Vice President, Head of Operations, Nestlé S.A. said: “We want our consumers to make an informed decision on their choice of products, to choose products produced responsibly. Open blockchain technology might allow us to share reliable information with consumers in an accessible way”.

About OpenSC

OpenSC was founded this year by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Australia and The Boston Consulting Group Digital Ventures. Currently, OpenSC works with RFID tags, a radio frequency identification system that allows to determinate the exact place and hour when a product is tagged.

Nestlé has conducted research on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applied to its supply chain since 2017, working together with IBM. Last April, it gave consumers access to blockchain data for the first time, through Mousline purée in France.

Although the multinational has created products traceable with the blockchain of IBM, Food Trust, in this new program of traceability the company decided to use another platform.

“We believe it is another important step towards the full disclosure of our supply chains announced by Nestlé in February this year, raising the bar for transparency and responsible production globally”, Global Head of Responsible Sourcing Nestlé S.A., Benjamin Ware, said.

Other food producers have used platforms based on blockchain technology to map food supply chains. Recently, Carrefour supermarket chain launched a QR code found in the packaging of its products to verify the data on the production process and distribution in a blockchain.

In the current times, customers want to know more about where their food comes from with the aim to know if it complies with sanitary requirements or ethical principles, especially to avoid purchasing products manufactured with animal or labor exploitation.

By María Rodríguez