Authorities in Two Chinese Provinces Call to Dismantle Bitcoin Mining Companies

The authorities hope to dismantle 57 established mining companies and another 7 that are under development.

According to some public reports, two of the provinces with the highest volume of bitcoin mining in China, this is, Yunnan, and Sichuan, have begun to make efforts to dismantle more than 57 mining companies that operate in their territories.

Reports from the local media Wu Blockchain, the government entities of the aforementioned provinces have decided to dismantle the companies that mine cryptocurrencies in their region. In particular, the Yunnan province decides to dismantle these companies. This province, through the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, convened a meeting, last May, to determine the necessary methodology to conduct the cleaning in the sector.

The results of the meeting determined that it is necessary to dismantle up to 57 companies that were in charge of conducting data mining, as well as 7 other projects that were in the process of being assembled.

Although the authorities evaluated the positive factors of these companies, such as using residual energy from hydroelectric plants, the truth is that these companies, according to Yunnan, also represent a significant security risk that could affect the region’s power plant. Furthermore, local authorities also emphasized that these companies, called “big data” projects, abuse the concessions granted to operate, especially in actions to evade taxes.

Sichuan is one of the provinces with the highest volume of bitcoin mining in the world. But currently, Yunnan, the neighboring city, has an energy consumption that reached half of Sichuan. Although Yunnan was much more backward than its neighbor, bitcoin mining has thrived on increased energy production thanks to investment in the sector. This, as well as the favorable climate and low population, has made Yunnan an ideal city for setting up mining companies.

According to some economic experts, the use of mining in Yunnan could help boost other sectors of the economy that were paralyzed in growth. Just as Sichuan established some years ago, where these companies took advantage of the energy that the power plants produced.

Although the local authorities can regulate these companies in a better way, the Yunnan State Network published a report, last April, where it asks that all these cryptocurrency mining projects should be dismantled. Besides, the Yunnan State Network indicated that they must take into consideration the amount of energy consumed illegally.

Yunnan and Sichuan Do Not Ban Mining but Increase Controls

The Sichuan and Yunnan provinces are particularly beneficial for the development of cryptocurrency mining by the establishment of hydroelectric power plants. These local energy sources compete directly with other sectors of national energy production, which makes the use of these energies cheaper and more consumption.

Although the use of these energies in mining is beneficial for both the data company and the local hydroelectric power station, it could directly affect the national energy generators. It is also uncomfortable for the heads of government, who, although they can obtain an economic benefit from this activity, are undecided about allowing mining or not.

By María Rodríguez

Telefónica Enables Blockchain ​​Adoption Program for Startup Companies

The program is to support SMEs in Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom through blockchain solutions.

The multinational telecommunications company Telefónica announced the activation of its blockchain adoption program for technology companies, which seeks to include new forms of management in the processes of different companies.

According to the statement that the company published on May 27th, the initiative hopes to boost the development of proposals related to blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). To improve the performance of companies in Europe, Telefónica explained that companies established in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain can participate.

The statement detailed that the “Telefonica Activation Program” will be aimed mainly at those small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) that seek to improve their management processes with blockchain solutions and other new technologies. Among the main tasks that Telefónica hopes to promote, the creation of new business models that are already in different stages of development stands out.

The synopsis of the program explains that Telefónica will select the companies that will participate in the first instance. Those companies included in the initiative will have access to all Telefónica’s technological solutions for free and for 6 months.

Financing

It is worth mentioning that there is the possibility of receiving express financing from Telefónica. The companies that will be part of the program are going to be able to develop, together with Telefónica, a pilot project related to blockchain technology solutions.

The Connected Open Innovation Director at Telefonica, Irene Gómez, confirmed the access of the selected companies to the full technological potential of Telefónica. She commented that it is vitally important to support SMEs. “Collaboration is more important than ever, that’s why at Connected Open Innovation we want to help scale startups by giving them access to our technology platforms by consuming APIs, for free, quickly, and easily.”

Companies interested in participating in the selection process for the Telefónica boost program will be able to register on the website dedicated to the project until next June 22nd.

On the other hand, the announcement emphasized the level of preparation that participating companies will receive within the program, naming from tutorials to online events and instructional workshops. Telefónica employees will provide this course to the companies selected. Then, participants will be able to provide personalized support for their companies.

Using Blockchain Technology

Regarding blockchain technology, those companies interested in implementing this technology will have use credentials on TrustOS. The system based on Hyperledger Fabric allows Telefónica to create applications for business use. This system presents a fairly simple and practical method of use, so it would be the most ideal system for those who are not familiar with blockchain technology.

On the operation of this system, company spokespersons detailed its main characteristics. “TrustOS is made up of a series of modules that are independent and interoperable with each other. Each one includes a logical engine in the form of a smart contract, deployed on different blockchain networks, and with an abstraction layer in the form of an API to be able to interact with them easily. This modular architecture allows us to add both new APIs and new smart contracts to expand the functionalities, as new use cases require it.”

It is not the first time that Telefónica makes this type of effort to promote the technological development of other companies. According to local media, last October, the telecommunications company announced the creation of a blockchain network that more than 8,000 companies in Spain will use in their internal processes. In this way, the adoption of blockchain technology in Europe continues.

By María Rodríguez

Companies in Argentina Must Sell Their Cryptocurrencies before Requesting Foreign Currencies

Companies will have to use their assets to honor international commitments. Crypto assets can be either in the country or abroad.

Through a new resolution, the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA) is requesting all the companies established in the country to dispose of all the assets that they have acquired abroad, before going to the institution to request foreign currencies.

Cryptocurrencies stored both abroad and in the country are included among the assets considered by the bank. In other words, if an Argentine company has to pay a debt to an international provider, it must have its foreign currencies and crypto assets to honor its commitment.

The statement also includes foreign banknotes and coins, gold coins or bars, demand deposits in financial institutions abroad, and other investments that allow immediate availability of funds. Investments in external government bonds, funds in investment accounts of investment managers abroad, and funds in accounts of payment service providers are also included among these assets.

The measure excludes the business assets that are in Argentina. For example, if a company has capital in US dollars or euros in a local bank and does not have funds abroad, it can request foreign currencies at the official exchange rate from the BCRA, without using its funds.

Tax consultant Marcos Zocaro explains that companies must first dispose of their “available liquid external assets”, which include banknotes, gold and crypto assets, among others. The exceptions are all the holdings in foreign currencies deposited in accounts at local financial institutions. For example, if the company has US dollar deposits in foreign banks, it will first have to use them.

According to Zocaro, the purpose of the bank’s measure is, in theory, to avoid the flight of US dollars in the short term. However, he believes that its success is not entirely certain. Besides, companies that have already declared holdings of cryptocurrencies must use them, as in this type of case.

The consultant added that those companies that are using them without having declared them could receive sanctions if they are discovered. To request foreign currencies from the central bank, companies must issue a sworn statement that they do not have resources abroad. However, they can have US dollars or euros in local commercial banks.

In this regard, Argentine bitcoiner Franco Amati stated that cryptocurrencies can be in custody services, exchanges or cold wallets, either inside or outside the country

Amati stressed that to request foreign currencies at the cheapest exchange rate; companies cannot have crypto assets or liquid assets of any kind abroad. He says that the bank is requesting the companies that use those assets to transfer money abroad not to request money from them.

Since 2019, Argentina has had an exchange rate control, which has come to affect Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general. Last year, the country’s central bank limited Argentine citizens’ purchase of cryptocurrencies with credit and debit cards.

By Alexander Salazar

Existing Connection between Bitcoin’s Production Cost and Transaction Volume

An analysis indicates that historical events have affected the costs on the network. People could consider Bitcoin as another financial instrument.

A user of the Hashr8 website, called Ambroid, recently released a report seeking to assess the evolution of costs on the Bitcoin network.

An article by Yo-Der Song and Tomaso Aste, which is titled “The Cost of Bitcoin Mining Has Never Really Increased,” led Ambroid to wonder whether there was a relationship between transaction volumes and the actual costs of producing Bitcoin.

This cryptocurrency trader adds that Song and Aste tried to establish a possible relationship between the daily transaction volume and spot price of Brent oil, as the basis for world electricity prices. He notes that the article succeeds in establishing a correlation between the mining costs based on the price of oil. The authors compare these costs with those of the transaction volumes on the blockchain; thus, determining an ordered range that oscillates around 0.14%.

However, Ambroid believes that Song and Aste’s study is a case of randomized deception. He explains that it is not possible to establish such a relationship between the price of oil and Bitcoin’s production costs. For this reason, he considers that the authors of the article only established an accidental correlation.

He says that it is possible to establish another type of correlation, based on the evolution of Bitcoin. To do this, the operator used information from blockchain.com about hash rate data, estimated transaction volumes, and miners’ revenue in US dollars. It also considered the list of the most efficient mining equipment, assuming that the average price of electricity for mining equipment is USD 0.05 per kW/h.

Bitcoin as a Financial Instrument

The report notes that, regardless of the price of the cryptocurrency since 2018, Bitcoin itself has experienced major production cost disruptions, in addition to fluctuations in the amount of money traded on the chain. A graph shows how production costs have grown over time, compared to revenue as the mining business has become increasingly mercantilist.

Ambroid adds that, following Bitcoin’s financial bubble in 2017, mining is a more established industry. Therefore, he considers that since that time the cryptocurrency has become a financial instrument.

Bitcoin has become increasingly popular, which establishes its mining as an industry. For this reason, he considers that it is very unlikely that the costs on the network will exceed the profits of miners for producing Bitcoin. He also reminds that, due to the reductions in the programmed rewards (halvings) on the network and the increase in transaction volume, Bitcoin is not at risk of uncontrolled inflation.

In early May, an engineer released a report suggesting that the BitMEX platform is making the Bitcoin network more expensive. The researcher discussed the need for the cryptocurrency derivative exchange to use more efficient technologies for conducting transactions. He considers that their implementation would allow users to save up to about 1.7 BTC worth of fees per day.

By Alexander Salazar

Russia’s Central Bank to Launch Digital Blockchain-Based Mortgage Platform

Six Russian banks have been testing the proposal. The project includes participants like Sberbank, Alfa Bank, VTB, Raiffeisenbank Russia, and Otkritie.

According to local media, Russia’s Central Bank will use a local blockchain platform for its next electronic mortgage project. The name of this blockchain platform is Masterchain and it is a government-backed blockchain project. Olga Skoronogatova, Bank of Russia’s First Deputy Governor, revealed the plan during an online meeting.

Skoronogatova held the meeting with the country’s parliament, the State Duma. During that meeting, the First Deputy Chief commented that a previously launched trial on a decentralized depository system for digital mortgage bonds was successful.

“We suggested to the government that we refine the project to the point when all kinds of transactions needed for the digital mortgage issuance can be done on Masterchain (…) This platform is working and, without further ado, we can complete this development,” Skorobogatova said.

The official also explained that six Russian banks have been testing Masterchain for exchanging digital letters of credit. According to the businesswoman, some other banks are ready to join. In this sense, Skorobogatova did not specify the names of the banks that are executing that effort. She also did not specify the names of the entities that might participate in the digital mortgage pilot.

About the Project

The proposal has progressed rapidly and positively. The Russian financial institution has already presented the proposal of its digital mortgage project to the government and the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre, and Cartography (Rosreestr).

Masterchain is the first blockchain platform in Russia that the Federal Security Service (FSB) has certified. According to local media previous reports, it is an authorized blockchain platform based on Ethereum. The FinTech Association launched this platform in 2017. The FinTech Association is an entity supervised by the Central Bank of Russia.

The project includes participants like Sberbank, Alfa Bank, VTB, Raiffeisenbank Russia, and Otkritie, as well as the National Settlement Depository, and the federal land registry service, Skorobogatova said.

Last May, this draft passed the first hearing (out of the three required). It has been left untouched until last week when the second draft was introduced together with a package of other laws.

Russian Government and Cryptocurrencies

This is not the first time that Masterchain works for electronic mortgages. In September 2018, a Russian subsidiary of Raiffeisen Bank International published mortgage documents containing data on the parties to the documentation, the credit loan, the duration, and the property acquired in the descending deposit system (DDS) from Masterchain.

The new package is proposing a procedure for issuing registered digital securities on the blockchain in Russia, whilst the Russian government bans any operation that users conduct with cryptocurrencies.

In fact, in mid-May, Russian lawmakers suggested penalties of up to 2 million rubles (USD 27,800) and seven years in prison for the illegal sale of digital assets and cryptocurrencies.

This demonstrates that the Russian government has been hostile with the use of cryptocurrencies, but friendly with the use of blockchain technology. However, the adoption of blockchain technology continues. Sberbank, the largest bank in Russia, will receive a tender to provide 4,917 ATMs that will be able to support “blockchain operations” in the country.

In the draft, Russia considers cryptocurrencies as commodities and specifies that users must report them for tax purposes.

By María Rodríguez

Brazilian States Use Blockchain to Record Personal Data

The project will speed up the work of the Brazilian tax collection entity. Brazilian officials from the Dataprev of Santa Catarina will receive a course on blockchain.

Local media in Brazil recently reported that the country began using blockchain technology for the registration of personal data this year. This is a project that the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service (RFB) has among its plans since 2019.

The RFB is the body in charge of collecting taxes in the South American country. To improve its work, the RFB seeks to store Natural Person Records (CPF) on a blockchain network. This process would have started in January this year, when Brazilian states began to integrate into the network, according to local media.

The name of the project is Fiscal Registry in the Blockchain of Natural Persons (bCPF) and its rules were also clearer since last January, according to the Santa Catarina State Court of Auditors (TCE-SC).

Although the TCE-SC recently reported on the integration of the Brazilian states into the network, they signed the project on April 17th. This plan seeks to exempt from the tender that is conducted to provide this registration information distribution service with blockchain technology.

The value of the exemption is BRL 36,598.15 (USD 6,809.25). Beneficiaries will receive a single payment of BRL 24,775.63 (USD 4608.62), as well as 12 monthly payments of BRL 985.21 (approximately USD 183.2).

The project is an “assisted implementation” that the Social Security Information and Technology Company (Dataprev) will conduct. According to the document, the process consists of the following: “It includes the provision of access and high-performance technological infrastructure, capacity, and availability aimed at sharing and updating data from the CPF registration base in a secure environment, using blockchain technology.”

Blockchain Training

To conduct the project successfully, Brazilian officials from the Dataprev of Santa Catarina will receive a course on blockchain technology. In addition to workers of the Santa Catarina headquarters, workers of the Rio de Janeiro Dataprev unit also received a course on blockchain technology.

Local Brazilian media also announced that Blockchain Academy is in charge of teaching the course. Blockchain Academy is a platform that promotes education about blockchain technology to develop the ecosystem.

According to information that local media recently published, the Blockchain Academy contract is valid for 120 days and the duration of the course is 160 academic hours. In this way, participants will learn about the world of blockchain technology, smart contracts, distributed accounting, and even mining.

In its 2019 financial statements, Dataprev stated that blockchain technology will be a focal point in 2020. Due to these Dataprev considerations, this platform may soon be widely used in Brazil with the integration of Brazilian states in the registry based on blockchain for CPF.

The Brazilian Federal Revenue Office also indicated that it plans to share the data of the National Registry of Legal Entities (CNPJ) on a blockchain platform so that the information is available in an inalterable and secure way. These actions are part of the adoption of blockchain technology in Brazil.

By María Rodríguez