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Look back at the revolt staged by the largest Jewish ghetto in Nazi-occupied Poland. [87] The Duke arrived in the council chamber where his brother the Cardinal waited. His policies were even more severe since he sincerely believed all Protestants were heretics; on 27June 1551, the Edict of Chteaubriant sharply curtailed their right to worship, assemble, or even discuss religion at work, in the fields, or over a meal. [93] The conflict mostly consisted of military action aimed at League members, such as the Battle of Fontaine-Franaise, though the Spanish launched a concerted offensive in 1595, taking Le Catelet, Doullens and Cambrai (the latter after a fierce bombardment), and in the spring of 1596 capturing Calais by April. [citation needed], Henry IV was faced with the task of rebuilding a shattered and impoverished kingdom and uniting it under a single authority. [citation needed], King Henry III at first tried to co-opt the head of the Catholic League and steer it towards a negotiated settlement. Both repudiated their conversions after they escaped Paris. He was menaced by Charles II of Navarre, of the vreux branch of the Capetian family, who aspired to the French throne by the right of his mother, the senior descendant of Philip IV of France. Why did France join the Thirty Years War? Explore the colonial mindset and major grievances that led to the American Revolutionary War and shaped the principles of the U.S. Constitution. Reasons for the February Revolution, 1917 - BBC Bitesize This continued throughout 1561 in more than 20 cities and towns, sparking attacks on Protestants by Catholic mobs in Sens, Cahors, Carcassonne, Tours and elsewhere. [14] Lefvre's Fivefold Psalter and his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans emphasised the literal interpretation of the Bible and the centrality of Jesus Christ. The Huguenots held the southwest and were allied to England and the princes of Germany. In the resulting War of the Three Henrys, the royalists led by the king, the Huguenots led by Henry of Navarre, and the Catholic League led by Henry of Guise, fought a three-way contest for the control of France. Revolutions sometimes fail because they are attacked by counter-revolutionaries from beyond national borders. In 1334 Robert went to England and began to foment trouble between Edward III and Philip, hastening the deterioration of Anglo-French relations, which in 1337 led to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War. -Central Europe 13. [10], In 1495, the Venetian Aldus Manutius began using the newly invented printing press to produce small, inexpensive, pocket editions of Greek, Latin, and vernacular literature, making knowledge in all disciplines available for the first time to a wide audience. entertainment, news presenter | 4.8K views, 28 likes, 13 loves, 80 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from GBN Grenada Broadcasting Network: GBN News 28th April 2023 Anchor: Kenroy Baptiste.