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Durkheim pointed out that groups can be held together on two contrasting bases: mechanical solidarity, a sentimental attraction of social units or groups that perform the same or similar functions, such as preindustrial self-sufficient farmers; or organic solidarity, an interdependence based on differentiated functions and specialization, as seen in a factory, the military, government, or other complex organizations. For Talcott Parsons, "structural-functionalism" came to describe a particular stage in the methodological development of social science, rather than a specific school of thought.[4][5]. Nearly all conflicts in the past and present, however, are spurred by basic desires: the drive to protect or gain territory and wealth, and the need to preserve liberty and autonomy. Following Thomas Malthus' population principles, Spencer concluded that society is constantly facing selection pressures (internal and external) that force it to adapt its internal structure through differentiation. Parsons, T., (1961) Theories of Society: foundations of modern sociological theory, Free Press, New York. Organizations define a clear level of hierarchy . He said, "the determination of function isnecessary for the complete explanation of the phenomena. The prefix' structural' emerged in Radcliffe-Brown's specific usage. Status distinctions did not depend on descent, and genealogies were too short to account for social solidarity through identification with a common ancestor. In doing so, I plan to draw upon the works of four prominent contributors to the Structural-Functionalist paradigm; Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton. Structural Functionalism Approach to Political Science | Bartleby Functionalists seek consensus and order in society. The second type of function is "latent functions", where a social pattern results in an unrecognized or unintended consequence. Organizational structure.