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[55], Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, said in his posthumously-published memoir that he "cannot specifically say what kind of help the Rosenbergs provided us" but that he learned from Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov that they "had provided very significant help in accelerating the production of our atomic bomb. Some prosecutors believed that both Julius and Ethel Rosenberg should be sentenced to death, while Hoover, among others, felt that Ethel should be spared. She was the mastermind of this whole conspiracy, assistant prosecutor Roy Cohn told the judge. Ethels innocence raises more questions than it settles. In handcuffs and bound for separate cells, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg share a final kiss in a prison van outside court after their arrest in New York in 1950. ichael and Robert never saw the Greenglasses again after the trial, and all Michael remembers of them is: David looked like a nondescript schlub and Ruth was a cold fish. [65][63][64], The messages decoded by the Venona project were not made public during the Rosenbergs' trial, which relied instead on testimony from their collaborators. Siegels biography succeeds masterfully in illuminating the life of the ambitious son of immigrants who became a federal judge at the age of thirty-nine, angled to try the espionage case of the 20th century, and then had to live with the consequences of his actions the rest of his long tenure on the bench. Viele Fragen und fr alles gibt es hier Tensions in the Cold War escalated, then ratcheted up even further in early 1950 with the discovery that atomic secrets had been passed to the Soviet Union during World War II. Files Show About Ethel Rosenberg", "The New York Times Gets Greenglass Wrong", "Greenglass, in Prison, Vows to Kin He Told Truth about Rosenbergs", "National Archives of the United States of America", "Rosenberg Atomic Espionage Spy Case Chronology", "The Rosenbergs were executed for spying in 1953. Moynihan found that in 1945, physicist Hans Bethe estimated that the Soviets would be able to build their own bomb in five years. Siegels biography also is a sobering reminder, in the era of ideology, that judges are human. The trial court judge, This was the key evidence against Ethel, and the chief prosecutor, Irving Saypol, conjured up an image for the jury of Ethel at the typewriter, pounding the keys, striking blow by blow, against her own country in the interest of the Soviets.